| 刘春红,万月,白亚丽,王鑫鑫,李忠秋.2018.南京红山森林动物园猕猴的社会玩耍行为.动物学杂志,53(3):347-353. |
| 南京红山森林动物园猕猴的社会玩耍行为 |
| Social Play of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) in Hongshan Forest Zoo of Nanjing |
| 投稿时间：2017-10-19 修订日期：2018-02-13 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.201803004 |
| 中文关键词: 猕猴 社会玩耍 玩耍打斗 |
| 英文关键词:Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta Social play Play behavior |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（No. 31772470，J1210026） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 社会玩耍行为是灵长类动物的常见行为类型之一，作为种群数量最大的非人灵长类之一，猕猴（Macaca mulatta）的社会玩耍行为是它们日常生活的一部分。本研究利用红外摄像技术，对南京红山森林动物园猕猴冬季社会玩耍行为的基本特征进行了研究。研究记录了每一回合玩耍行为的发生时间、持续时间、参与对象年龄、参与个体数以及玩耍行为类型等行为参数。在持续10 d的视频中，共记录到猕猴的社会玩耍行为7 496次，其中触摸和抓打4 018次，追逐1 012次，撕咬和摔跤671次，其他53次，以及各种玩耍行为组合1 742次。利用单因素方差分析，发现猕猴的社会玩耍行为节律明显，两个玩耍高峰分别为08:30 ~ 09:30时和10:30 ~ 11:30时。利用Kruskal-Wallis检验及Mann-Whitney U两两比较法，发现参与个体数和玩耍行为类型对社会玩耍持续时间影响显著，在玩耍过程中，参与个体数越多，社会玩耍持续时间越长；组合类型的持续时间最长，其次是撕咬和摔跤，再次是触摸和抓打，最后是追逐。0 ~ 3岁的少年个体在玩耍行为中更常采用触摸和抓打类型，而亚成年及成年个体则倾向于选择追逐类型。该研究量化了猕猴社会玩耍行为的类别和影响因素，为动物园的猕猴管理和动物福利提供了数据支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Social play is one of the common behaviors in primates. Social play, therefore, is an important part in life of Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta). The main objective of this study is to describe basic characteristics of social play of Rhesus Macaques by infrared cameras in Hongshan forest zoo of Nanjing in the winter of 2017. We recorded the behavioral parameters as following: beginning and ending time of each social play, play duration, age of playmates, number of playmates and the type of each play behavior. We took totally 7 496 social plays from the infrared camera recorder in continuous 10-day′s record, including 4 018 bouts of touching and catching, 1 012 bouts of chasing, 671 bouts of biting and wrestling, 53 bouts of other play behaviors, and 1 742 bouts of more than one play types. We analyzed the rhythm of the social play with ANOVA and found out the social play was with a significant rhythm with two play peaks at 08:30﹣09:30 and 10:30﹣11:30 (Fig. 1). We analyzed the influence of the number of playmates and the type of play behavior on the duration of the social play via Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U for pairwise comparisons. The results showed that the number of playmates and the type of play behavior had significant effects on the duration of the social play. In the process of a play, the more involved playmates, the longer duration of the social play. The social playing round with more than one types had the longest duration, followed by biting and wrestling, touching and catching, and chasing. Juvenile individuals of 0 to 3-year-old engaged more in touching and catching play behavior, while the subadult or adult individuals engaged more in chasing play behavior (Fig. 2). This study quantified the types and impact factors of social play of Rhesus Macaques, and provided quantified evidence for the management and welfare of the Rhesus Macaques in the Zoo. |
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