| 伊剑锋,林源,徐雪怡,农正权,余丽江.2017.桂西南褐翅鸦鹃的孵卵行为与节律.动物学杂志,52(4):574-582. |
| 桂西南褐翅鸦鹃的孵卵行为与节律 |
| Incubation Behavior and Rhythm of Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis) in Southwest Guangxi |
| 投稿时间：2017-01-19 修订日期：2017-06-21 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.201704004 |
| 中文关键词: 桂西南 褐翅鸦鹃 孵卵节律 自动温度记录技术 |
| 英文关键词:Southwest Guangxi Great Coucal, Centropus sinensis Incubation rhythm Data-logger |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金项目（No. 2015GXNSFAA139093） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2016年3 ~ 6月，在广西西南部龙州县弄岗村（22°26′35.20′′ ~ 22°30′46.90′′N，106°57′46.35′′ ~ 107°03′32.99′′E），通过野外观察和自动温度记录仪相结合的方法对褐翅鸦鹃（Centropus sinensis）的孵卵行为与节律进行了研究。结果表明，1）褐翅鸦鹃边筑巢边产卵，每2 d产1枚卵，卵长径和短径分别为（36.11 ± 0.42）mm和（28.46 ± 0.38）mm，卵重（16.35 ± 0.51）g（n = 44枚）。窝卵数3 ~ 5枚，孵卵期为（16.75 ± 1.65）d（n = 4巢），孵化率为45.45%（n = 44枚）。孵卵期与窝卵数之间无显著相关性（r = 0.865，P > 0.05）；2）白天双亲共同参与孵卵，夜晚则由其中1只负责。夜间亲鸟的在巢时间从19时左右持续至翌日晨6时左右；3）亲鸟采取离巢次数少和离巢时间长的孵卵策略。亲鸟日活动时间在700 min以上（n = 45 d），日离巢次数为（8.82 ± 0.34）次（n = 45 d），平均每次离巢持续时间为（52.91 ± 2.35）min（n = 397次），每次离巢持续时间与环境温度呈显著负相关关系（r =﹣0.113，P < 0.05）；4）巢内平均孵卵温度为（31.7 ± 0.3）℃（n = 4巢），随孵卵天数增加而增加，并与环境温度（最高温r = 0.566，最低温r = 0.537，平均温r = 0.706，P < 0.01）和日活动时间正相关（r = 0.506，P < 0.01）；5）有延迟孵卵行为。延迟孵卵期间夜晚巢内最低温是22.1℃。在桂西南北热带气候环境中，高的环境温度是保障褐翅鸦鹃孵卵成功的主要因素之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| During March to June 2016, we studied the incubation behavior and rhythm of Great Coucal (Centropus sinensis) using data-logger in Nonggang, Guangxi Province (22°26′35.20′′﹣22°30′46.90′′N, 106°57′46.35′′﹣107°03′32.99′′E). Through systematic search and tracking the birds′ behavior, we totally found 12 nests. Then, incubation data were obtained by regular observation and automatic temperature recorders from 8 nests. The results showed that: 1) The bird laid one egg every two days while still in the period of nest building. The long and short axis of the eggs were 36.11 ± 0.42 mm and 28.46 ± 0.38 mm respectively, and the egg weight was 16.35 ± 0.51 g (n = 44 eggs). The clutch size were 3﹣5 eggs and the incubation period was 16.75 ± 1.65 d (n = 4 nests). The hatching rate was 45.45% (n = 44 eggs) (Table 1). There was no significant correlation between clutch size and incubation period (Pearson correlation, r = 0.865, P > 0.05); 2) Both adults participated in incubation during the daytime, but only one bird incubated eggs at night. Usually, the one which in charge the job at night stayed at the nest around 19:00 and would last to around 06:00 of the next day (Fig. 2); 3) The length of daily activities was over 700 min (n = 45 d) and the birds took 8.82 ± 0.34 times (n = 45 d) of the recesses per day. Average recess time was 52.91 ± 2.35 min (n = 397 times) which has significant negative correlated to the ambient temperature (r =﹣0.113, P< 0.05) (Table 3, Fig. 4). We suggest the incubation strategy of the birds being lower leaving nest frequency and longer recess time; 4) The average incubation temperature in the nest was 31.7 ± 0.3℃ (n = 4 nests) and increased with nest age (Table 2, Fig. 3). It was positive correlated to the ambient temperature (maximum temperature, r = 0.566; minimum temperature, r = 0.537; mean temperature r =0.706, P <0.01) and the length of activities (r = 0.506, P <0.01); 5) Normally the parents started to incubate right after the clutches were full, however, one nest was delayed incubation by parents for 9 days, during that period, the nest temperature dropped to a minimum of 22.1℃ at night. Under north tropical climate condition in the southwest Guangxi, we suggest high ambient temperature would be an important benifitial factor to the incubating of the Great Coucal. |
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