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黄芳,周进,樊天骐,屈彦福.2017.孵化温度对王锦蛇胚胎代谢和幼体适合度的影响.动物学杂志,52(4):628-637.
孵化温度对王锦蛇胚胎代谢和幼体适合度的影响
Effects of Incubation Temperature on Embryonic Metabolism and Hatchling Fitness in the Strink Snake (Elaphe carinata
投稿时间:2016-12-17  修订日期:2017-06-16
DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.201704010
中文关键词:  王锦蛇  孵化  适合度  疾游速  选择体温
英文关键词:Elaphe carinata  Incubation  Fitness  Maximum swimming speed  Selected body temperature
基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年项目(No. 31200283)
作者单位E-mail
黄芳 南京师范大学生命科学学院 南京 210023 huangfang_elf@163.com 
周进 南京师范大学生命科学学院 南京 210023  
樊天骐 南京师范大学生命科学学院 南京 210023  
屈彦福* 南京师范大学生命科学学院 南京 210023 imwx-q@163.com 
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中文摘要:
      孵化温度所驱动的爬行动物的表型变异是生理生态学研究的热点。本研究以王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)为实验动物,检验了24℃和28℃孵化温度对王锦蛇胚胎代谢速率、孵化过程中的卵重量、孵出幼体代谢和行为的影响。研究结果显示:卵重和胚胎的呼吸代谢均与孵化时间呈正相关;28℃下胚胎代谢速率大于24℃;幼蛇孵出15 d内体重随着生长时间的延长而减小,24℃孵出幼体的代谢速率大于28℃孵出幼体,两温度下孵出幼体的呼吸代谢速率和生长时间无显著关系;28℃孵出幼体的疾游速和吐信频次均大于24℃;两孵化温度孵出幼体的选择体温无显著差异,但在消耗完体内的剩余卵黄后28℃孵出幼体有60%的个体摄食,而24℃孵出幼体无摄食个体。总体而言,王锦蛇28℃孵出幼体适合度优于24℃孵出幼体。
英文摘要:
      Incubation temperature plays an important role in determining the hatchling and drives phenotypic variations in oviparous reptiles. Numerous studies have reported that incubation temperature affects many processes, including embryonic metabolism, body shape, selected body temperature, locomotor performance, tongue flicking, and predation. The variation of these traits is a potentially important indicator of fitness and most likely affects the hatchling′s fitness. In this article, we studied the effects of incubation temperature on the egg and hatchling in Strink Snake (Elaphe carinata) to assess the fitness of hatchlings incubated at two different temperatures. We collected adults from the same population in Hunan to study the effect of incubation temperature on the egg incubation, hatchling metabolism and behavior. The eggs were incubated at two constant temperatures (24 and 28℃). Eggs were weighted and metabolism was measured at 5-day intervals. All hatchlings were applied to evaluate the response to chemical cues, respiration metabolism, selected body temperature, and so on. We measured tongue flicking, metabolism, locomotor performance, and predation of hatchlings at the body temperature of 28℃ because physiological and behavioral performances are dependent on the body temperature in reptiles. A preliminary analysis revealed no difference between sexes of hatchlings in the examined traits, so we pooled data for sexes. All data were tested for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and homogeneity of variances (Bartlett′s test). We used repeated-measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA or one-way ANCOVA to analyze the corresponding data. Descriptive statistics was presented as mean ± standard error, and the significance level was set at α = 0.05. Eggs incubated under different temperature regimes did not differ significantly in duration of incubation, hatching success and sex ratio (Table 1). All eggs gained mass during incubation because of absorption of water (Fig. 1). Mean values for final egg mass (weighed at the time point closest to hatching) differed between the two incubation temperatures (Fig. 1). The egg metabolism was positively correlated with egg mass and the incubation time in two incubation temperatures (Fig. 2). Eggs incubated at a higher temperature (28℃) produced more amount of carbon dioxide than those incubated at a lower temperature (24℃). The body mass and the carbon dioxide decreased with the increase of age after the snake hatched (Fig. 3). Hatchlings from lower temperature produced more amount of carbon dioxide than hatchlings from higher temperature did within the first five days after hatched. Hatchlings from two different incubation temperatures did not differ in selected body temperature, but hatchlings from higher temperature owned faster maximum swimming speed and more frequencies of tongue flicks than hatchlings from lower temperature (Fig. 4). There were significant effects of incubation temperature on hatchling initial feeding and hatchlings from lower temperature had not eaten within 10 minutes. Our results revealed that hatchlings of Strink Snake incubated at 28℃ had higher fitness than hatchlings at 24℃.
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