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赵磊,龙晓文,吴旭干,刘泽华,成永旭.2016.混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响.动物学杂志,51(6):1071-1083.
混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响
Effects of Fish Oil Replacement by Blending Vegetable Oils in Fattening Diets on Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Composition of Adult Male Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
投稿时间:2016-01-19  修订日期:2016-10-12
DOI:DOI: 10.13859/j.cjz.201606015
中文关键词:  中华绒螯蟹  育肥饲料  植物油  鱼油  常规成分  脂肪酸组成
英文关键词:Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis  Fattening diet  Vegetable oil  Fish oil  Proximate composition  Fatty acid composition
基金项目:上海市科学技术委员会科研项目(No. 13320502100),科技部港澳台科技合作专项项目(No. 2014DFT30270),国家自然科学基金面上项目(No. 31472287),上海高校水产学一流学科建设项目(No. 2012-62-0908);
作者单位E-mail
赵磊 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点试验室 上海 201306 1229570949@qq.com 
龙晓文 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室 上海 201306  
吴旭干* 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室 上海 201306上海海洋大学 上海市教委水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心 上海 201306 xgwu@shou.edu.cn 
刘泽华 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室 上海 201306  
成永旭 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室 上海 201306上海海洋大学 上海市教委水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心 上海 201306  
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中文摘要:
      为研究育肥饲料中混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响,采用豆油和菜籽油混合物替代鱼油制成5种不同鱼油替代水平(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)的等氮等脂育肥饲料(分别记为1# ~ 5#饲料组)饲喂雄蟹,测定5组雄蟹肝胰腺、肌肉和性腺中的常规成分和脂肪酸组成,并对实验数据进行方差分析。结果显示:(1)饲料1#组性腺灰分含量显著高于饲料4#和5#组(P < 0.05),但各组性腺中的水分、总脂和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P > 0.05);饲料1#组肝胰腺中的水分和灰分最高,但其总脂含量低于其他组,各组肝胰腺的蛋白含量无显著差异(P > 0.05);除1#饲料组外,肌肉中的总脂和灰分含量随鱼油替代水平的升高而显著上升(P < 0.05),而水分和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。(2)各饲料组精巢中总饱和脂肪酸(∑ SFA)、总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑ PUFA)和总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑ HUFA)含量无显著差异(P > 0.05),其总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(∑ n-6PUFA)含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高,而总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(∑ n-3PUFA)含量和∑ n-3PUFA/∑ n-6PUFA比值呈显著下降趋势(P < 0.05)。(3)肝胰腺中∑ n-3PUFA和∑ HUFA含量具有显著的组间差异,且均以饲料3#组最高。但各组的∑ PUFA和∑ n-6PUFA含量差异并不显著(P > 0.05)。(4)肌肉中大部分脂肪酸组成无显著差异,仅∑ n-6PUFA含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高。综上,中华绒螯蟹育肥饲料中植物油(豆油与菜籽油含量为1︰1)替代鱼油对成体雄蟹可食组织中水分和蛋白含量并无显著影响,但会对其脂肪酸组成造成显著的影响,50%的鱼油替代水平有利于雄蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂肪沉积。
英文摘要:
      Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic fattening diets were formulated by blending vegetable oils (soybean oil: rapeseed oil = 1︰1) to replace fish oil at level of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (named as diet F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5, Table 1) to feed 5 treatments of adult male Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) for 60 days. Then, we assayed the proximate composition and fatty acid composition of the hepatopancreas, muscle and testis of each crab in the five treatments and analyzed these data by variance analysis method. We got the following results: (1) The gonads of crabs fed F1 diet had the significantly higher ash content than those fed by diet F4 and F5 (P < 0.05), but no significant difference with crabs fed diet F2 and F3; no significant differences in the contents of moisture, crude protein and crude lipid among five diet treatments (P > 0.05). The contents of moisture and ash in the hepatopancreas of crabs fed diet F1 were highest among the five treatment group, but the crude lipid was lower than other four treatments; however, no significant difference was found in the crude protein content between individuals in the five treatments (P > 0.05). Except for the crabs treated by diet F1, the crude lipid and ash contents in the muscle increased with increasing replacement level; while no significant differences were found for the rest contents in the muscle among crabs treated by five diet (P > 0.05) (Table 3). (2) The total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑ n-6PUFA) contents in gonads of crabs increased with the increasing replacement level, while the content of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑ n-3PUFA) had opposite changing tendency. No significant difference was found in the total saturated fatty acid (∑ SFA), total polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑ PUFA) and total highly unsaturated fatty acid (∑ HUFA) contents in the crab gonads between all the five treatments (P > 0.05) (Table 4). (3) The highest content of ∑ n-3PUFA and ∑ HUFA was detected in the hepatopancreas of crabs treated by diet F3 although there was a significant difference between each treatment. While no significant differences were found for the ∑ PUFA and ∑ n-6PUFA contents among five treatments (P > 0.05) (Table 5). (4) There was no significant difference among the fatty acids contents in muscle except for the content of ∑ n-6PUFA which increased with elevating replacement levels (Table 6). In conclusion, except for moisture and crude protein contents, fish oil replacement by blending vegetable oils in fattening diets have significant influence on fatty acid composition in the edible tissues of adult male E. sinensis. These results suggested that the replacement level of 50% is good for the fat accumulation in the hepatopancreas and muscle of this crab.
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