| 蔡星媛,刘甜雨,李文涛,张秀梅.2016.魁蚶幼贝对筒柱藻滤食效应的初步研究.动物学杂志,51(3):466-476. |
| 魁蚶幼贝对筒柱藻滤食效应的初步研究 |
| Preliminary Study of Filter-feeding Effect by ark shell Anadara broughtonii on Cylindrotheca fusiformis |
| 投稿时间：2015-06-08 修订日期：2016-04-29 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.13859/j.cjz.201603014 |
| 中文关键词: 魁蚶 筒柱藻 滤食效应 温度 黑暗条件 |
| 英文关键词:Anadara broughtonii Cylindrotheca fusiformis Filter-feeding effect Temperature Dark condition |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用实验生态学方法和“捕食者-猎物”的捕食模型，研究了黑暗条件下魁蚶（Anadara broughtonii）幼贝对筒柱藻（Cylindrotheca fusiformis）的滤食效应，分析了魁蚶对饵料生物的滤食能力、功能反应类型及滤藻效应特征。20℃条件下，魁蚶幼贝对筒柱藻的平均滤食速率随着藻液浓度的增加而显著增大（P < 0.05），且0 ~ 4 h时段内的滤食速率显著高于其他时段。魁蚶滤食筒柱藻的功能反应属Holling-Ⅱ型，拟合圆盘方程为 ，滤食功能系数为1.0195，极限法推出壳长30 ~ 35 mm的魁蚶对筒柱藻的日均最大滤食量约为500（× 107 cells/L）；10 ~ 25℃条件下，魁蚶的平均滤食速率和滤食功能反应系数随温度升高呈现了先升高后下降的变化趋势，并于20℃时达到最大值，推测20℃是其最佳摄食温度。魁蚶的滤食效应存在较强的个体间干扰反应，平均滤食量和滤食作用率均随幼贝密度的增加而下降，且魁蚶滤食筒柱藻的功能反应与幼贝密度的关系可用幂函数方程 表示，由此建立了魁蚶幼贝密度与筒柱藻藻液浓度之间的联合反应方程 。实验结果表明，水温20℃时，魁蚶幼贝具有较强的潜在滤食能力，其平均滤食量和滤食作用率与幼贝密度间存在明显的“负密度效应”特征。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ark shell (Anadara broughtonii) is one of the most important and widely cultured commercial bivalves in our country. In order to avoid over cultivation, it is necessary to find a way to estimate the carrying capacity of certain water areas. The study on feeding physiology and filter feeding ability of ark shell may help to understand the carrying capacity. In this study, we investigated the filter-feeding effect of ark shell on Cylindrotheca fusiformi in dark condition, and the filter-feeding ability, functional reactive type and the filter-feeding effect of ark shell on algae were analyzed. Data were analyzed by using the one–way ANOVA and chi-square test. All analyses were performed with a significance level of P < 0.05. The results showed that in the condition of 20℃, the mean filter feeding rate of the juveniles significantly increased with the increasing algae concentration (P < 0.05) (Fig.1); meanwhile, the filter feeding rate in 0 - 4h was much higher than others in each concentration groups (Table 1). The pattern of function response was classified as Holling-Ⅱ type, and the fitted Holling disc equation was at 20℃ (Fig.3). The attacking coefficient was 1.019 5 at the same time. Based on this disc equation, the maximum feeding amount of each ark shell (shell length 30 - 35 mm) was 500 (× 107 cells/L) per day. The filter feeding rate (Fig.2) and the attacking coefficient (Table 2) tended to increase first and then declined in the range of 10 - 25℃ and reached peak level at 20℃, supporting that 20℃ was the most optimum feeding temperature. Besides, a strong intraspecific mutual interference was found in the filter-feeding activity of ark shell. Both of the average filter-feeding quantities and the filter-feeding efficiency declined with the increasing ark shell density, thus the power function equation for the density to C. fusiformisid was (Fig.4). In addition, the associated response equation was developed to connect the density of ark shell and the concentration of C. fusiformis (Table 3). The results suggest that the ark shell possess a strong potential filter-feeding capacity at 20℃，and there be existed an obvious characteristic of “negative density effect” between the average filter-feeding quantities / the filter-feeding efficiency and the density of juveniles. |
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