| 刘燕,毕俊怀,武晓东.2015.内蒙古中部蒙古野驴春季食性分析.动物学杂志,50(3):321-328. |
| 内蒙古中部蒙古野驴春季食性分析 |
| The Feeding Habits of Asiatic Wild Ass ( Equus hemionus hemionus ) in Spring in Central Inner Mongolia |
| 投稿时间：2014-10-11 修订日期：2015-05-15 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.13859/j.cjz.201503001 |
| 中文关键词: 蒙古野驴 食物组成 春季 内蒙古中部 |
| 英文关键词:Asiatic Wild Ass (Equus hemionus hemionus) Food composition Spring Central Inner Mongolia |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(30860043)；内蒙古科学技术厅重大项目(2011ZD05)、内蒙古自治区科技计划项目、内蒙古自治区“草原英才”资助项目。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2012年3 ~ 5月和2013年3 ~ 5月，在内蒙古自治区中部的中蒙边境地区，采用粪便显微组织学分析方法并结合野外观察，分析研究了蒙古野驴（Equus hemionus hemionus）春季的食物组成。在取食点采集植物标本并进行种类鉴定发现共有20科45种植物；野外共观察到蒙古野驴取食群162次，群体平均大小为29.32头，采集粪样175个，将采集到的粪样按月分组，并组成6个混合粪样组。粪样显微分析结果表明，分布于内蒙古自治区中部地区的蒙古野驴，在春季共取食15科31种植物，其中实际采食比例（DR）禾本科植物54.88%、藜科植物17.37%、柽柳科植物6.64%、豆科植物6.52%；在取食植物中，克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）（24.38%）、芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）（15.11%）、珍珠猪毛菜（Salsola passerina）（9.92%）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）（6.97%）、红沙（Reaumuria soongorica）（6.64%）、雾滨藜（Bassia dasyphylla）（5.67%）、糙隐子草（Kengia squarrosa）（5.10%），是主要取食植物种类，占取食植物的73.79%。春季采食的植物种类数比冬季多，各种植物在食物组成中所占的比例的差异不显著，低选择性是蒙古野驴春季取食对策的显著特征。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Research Question: combined the method of the micro histological analysis of feces and the fieldwork observation from March to May in both 2012 and 2013, the spring diet of the Asiatic Wild Ass (Equus hemionus hemionous) was investigated along the border of China-Mongolia in the center part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PRC. Methodology: direct observation for determiningfloristics of plantsin the diet of Asiatic wild ass; analysis spring diet of Asiatic wild ass with the method of micro histological analysis of fresh fecal simples collected from various settlement of plants in the active field of Asiatic Wild Ass; calculation for the appearing frequency F (%) of each plant in the combined fecal simples of Asiatic Wild Ass. The result will be transfer into D (the average density of distinguish fragment in each visual field) by the formula F = 100（1 - e -D）, and then transfer into DR (related density = individual density of distinguish fragment/ the sum of the densities of fragments×100 %). Additionally, the DR could be considered as the elements of composition of the herbaceous diet. Use the SPSS-13.0 to process the data. Result: The result of micro histological analysis of feces shows that there are 45 species of plants belonging to 25 families in the spring diet of Asiatic Wild Ass in the center part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Specifically, the graminaceous plants (Gramineae) took 54.88%, chenopodiaceous plants (Chenopodiaceae) owned 17.37%, tamarisk (Tamaricaceae) shared 6.64%, and leguminous plants (Leguminosae) 6.52% (Figure 2. The food composition of Asiatic wild Ass in spring). While the primary plants consumed were as follows: Krylov needlegrass (Stipa krylovii) (24.38%), Lovely achnatherum (Achnatherum splendens) (15.11%), Salsola passerine (Salsola passerine) (9.92%), Green bristlegrass herb (Setaria viridis) (6.97%), Humifuse euphorbia herb (Reaumuria soongorica) (6.64%), Bassia dasyphylla (Bassia dasyphylla) (5.67%), and Scabrous cleistogenes (Kengia squarrosa) (5.10%), which took the major part (73.79%) of the diet together (Table 1. The food composition and selectivity of the Asiatic wild Ass in winter). Conclusion: The spring diet of Asiatic Wild ass in the center part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had high diversity. Less selection is the outstanding feature of the spring diet, which could be considered as the adoption of spring cold and drought of the area. |
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