| 陈昭廷,李琪,陈四清,庄志猛,刘春胜,刘长琳,赵鹏,崔鹤腾.2015.海月水母精巢发育及排精过程的观察.动物学杂志,50(1):131-140. |
| 海月水母精巢发育及排精过程的观察 |
| The Testis Development and Spermiation Process in Moon Jellyfish |
| 投稿时间：2014-01-08 修订日期：2015-01-05 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.13859/j.cjz.201501016 |
| 中文关键词: 海月水母(Aurelia sp.1) 精巢发育 排精；精子 |
| 英文关键词:Moon jellyfish(Aurelia sp.1) Testis development Spermiation Sperm |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用实验生态学及显微观察的方法研究了海月水母（Aurelia sp.）的精巢发育及其排精过程，并对其精子活力进行了测定。结果表明：在水温20～22℃的条件下，海月水母碟状体经过40 d生长，达到伞径（7.50±0.71）cm、体重（28.70±6.60）g时，精巢出现并生长发育；经过60 d生长，达到伞径（11.77±0.51）cm、体重（83.54±10.36）g时，精巢发育成熟并开始排精；生长到90 d后，精巢开始出现退化，当生长到110 d时，精巢退化完全。在精巢发育过程中，其宽度和长度分别伴随海月水母伞径的增长而增宽和伸长，并出现折叠现象。海月水母的排精路线为：精子先粘附于精子细丝上，从精巢排出，继而经过胃循环沟、胃口腕沟，最后由口腕基沟排出体外。在水温22℃、盐度30、pH 8.0的条件下，海月水母精子活力随时间延长而降低，其快速运动时间和寿命分别为4 h 30 min和10 h。本研究结果显示，在适宜的环境条件下，海月水母精巢发育迅速，排精路线与过程相对简单，其精子活力强、寿命长，这种高效的生殖策略为其暴发奠定了基础，这或许也是海月水母能在地球上存活年代久远的原因之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The testis development and spermiation process of Aurelia sp. were observed according to experimental ecology and microscopy. Moreover, all data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. The process of testis development was shown in table 1 and the result showed that it needed about 40 days from ephyrae to medusae, which bell diameter and weight of medusae reached 7.50±0.71 cm and 28.70±6.60 g respectively. Meanwhile, the testis began to appear and develop. The testis became mature after 60 days’ rearing, and its bell diameter and weight was 11.77±0.51 cm and 83.54±10.36 g, respectively. Moreover, the width of testis was about 1.05±0.08 mm at that time. The testis began to degenerate after 90 days since the ephyra stage, and almost disappeared at 110 days. The width and length both grew as the bell diameter being larger in the process of testis development. The process of testis maturation of Aurelia sp. was shown in figure 2, which showed the different growth stages of sperm follicles. The maturated male gonads would release sperms once the environment was suitable. The maturated testis released sperm filament containing large amounts of sperms (figure 3A), then the sperm filament (figure 3B) went through gastric circulation groove and gastric-oral arm groove successively, and left the body through oral arm groove finally (figure 3C). Furthermore, the vitality of sperm was also tested and relationship between Aurelia sp. percentage of active sperm and time was shown in figure 4, which indicated that the highest moving time and life span was 4 h 30 min and 10 h respectively (temperature, 22℃; salinity, 30 and pH, 8.0). In conclusion, the testis of Aurelia sp. develops rapidly, the spermiation is simple, and the sperm is of high motility and long life span. Those reproductive strategies are not only laid a solid foundation for Aurelia sp. outbreak but also one of the reasons why this species may be alive for long on the earth. |
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