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张姚,谢汉滨,曾伟斌,汤臣栋,钮栋梁,王天厚.2014.崇明东滩人工湿地春季水鸟群落结构及其生境分析.动物学杂志,49(4):490-504.
崇明东滩人工湿地春季水鸟群落结构及其生境分析
The waterfowl community structure and waterflowl habitat-selection analysis for four artificial wetlands type in spring in Chongming Dongtan,China
投稿时间:2013-06-29  修订日期:2014-06-02
DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.201404004
中文关键词:  崇明东滩  重要驿站  人工湿地  鸟类群落  生境因子
英文关键词:Chongming Dongtan  Important over-stop site  Artificial wetland  Birds′community  Habitat factor
基金项目:上海市科委崇明专项项目(No. 12231204703)
作者单位E-mail
张姚 华东师范大学生命科学学院、上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 zytz89716@163.com;15121000428@163.com 
谢汉滨 华东师范大学生命科学学院 上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 上海 200062  
曾伟斌 华东师范大学生命科学学院 上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 上海 200062  
汤臣栋 上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区管理处 上海 202183  
钮栋梁 上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区管理处 上海 202183  
王天厚* 华东师范大学生命科学学院、上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 thwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn 
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中文摘要:
      崇明东滩拥有独特的地理位置,辽阔的滩涂,丰富的湿地资源,是亚太地区候鸟迁徙路线上的重要驿站,然而现在由于其内互花米草的快速扩散并引起当地植物群落和滩涂湿地结构的改变,从而直接导致了鸟类生物多样性的明显下降,因此东滩湿地保护人员采取了修复和优化的治理措施,但在对互花米草的治理同时也将自然滩涂改造成人工湿地。本研究将改造后自然滩涂分为四种不同人工湿地类型即捕鱼港优化区即一期工程(已修复)、鸟类栖息地优化区即二期工程(修复中)、人工鱼蟹塘、耀全农场。本研究目的在于分析不同生境中鸟类群落特征以及对生境利用的不同,并寻找生境利用的主要因子,从而对湿地改造提出科学的改造建议。由于前期大量研究表明春季鸟类数量和种类较丰富,能够更好地反映崇明东滩湿地生态现状。因此从2013年3月下旬至5月上旬在大潮期和小潮期分别对上述四种不同人工湿地进行了鸟类及其生境因子调查。此次调查共统计到水鸟2357只,隶属于7目10科45种,其中斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)、红骨顶(Gallinula chloropus)、金眶鸻(Charadrius dubius)、环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)、牛背鹭(Bubulus ibis)、鹤鹬(Tringa erythropus)、林鹬(Tringa glareola)等鸟类为优势种。非参数检验分析表明,春季的四类人工湿地水鸟种类、密度、多样性均有显著性差异。通过对生境因子与鸟类群落特征进行相关分析,根据非参数的结果可以总结出裸露浅滩面积、水域面积、生境小岛个数是影响水鸟分布的关键因子,为此对鸟类栖息地优化区的修复及其完善提出科学建议。
英文摘要:
      The geographical position of Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve is unique,the shallow seas and tidelands is vast, is a important relay station of the migratory bird migration route in the Asian and Pacific area, however at present because the fast proliferation of the Spartina Alterniflora caused the change of the local plant community and the swamp land ‘s structure, thus it has directly caused the drops of the birds biodiversity obviously, therefore the protector take the measure to recover and the optimize the wetland in Dongtan wetland, but while controlling and transforming the Spartina Alterniflora’s fast proliferation mutually the natural reserve transformed into the artificial wetland. This research divide the wetland which be controlled and transformed into four kinds of different artificial wetland types namely Fishing port optimization area namely The First phased project (have repaired), The bird’s habitat optimization area namely The Second phased projects (in repair), the artificial fish-crab pond, the Yao farmland. This research’s goal lies in the analysis the waterflowl’ s community characteristics in the different bird’s habitat as well as the different habitat utilization, and investigate the main factor which affect the bird’s community structure, and then puts forward some scientific proposals for the wetland transformation. Because the massive research in the earlier period indicated the birds quantity and species are rich in spring, can reflect Chongming Dongtan wetland’s ecology situation at present well. Therefore we separately carried on the birds and the habitat factor investigation in the above four kinds of different artificial wetland above from at the end of March, 2013 to the beginning of May,2013 in the flood tide time and the neap season time. This investigation altogether counts waterfowl 2357, subordinates slightly in 7 item 10 branch 45 kinds, in which Anas poecilorhyncha, Gallinula chloropus, Charadrius dubius, Charadrius alexandrines, Bubulus ibis、Tringa erythropus、Tringa glareola and so on are the dominant species. The non-parametric test analysis indicated that, four kinds of artificial wetland waterfowl type the spring, the density multiplicity have the significance difference. The correlation analysis were undertaken between habitat factors and characteristics of bird communities, according to the non-parametric results ,we can summarize that the bare shoal area, water area, the number of habitat islands are the key factors which affect the waterfowl distribution, then we can put forward some scientific suggestion to repair and improve for The Bird’s Habitat Optimization Area.
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